Plastic plays an essential role in modern life – from packaging and transportation to healthcare and technology. But with increasing volumes of plastic waste entering our environment each year, it’s no surprise that the material has become the focus of intense global scrutiny.
The truth, however, is more nuanced. While concerns around plastic pollution are valid, many commonly held beliefs oversimplify a far more complex issue – and may distract from the meaningful changes needed to drive impact.
Let's take a closer look at the facts and fictions around plastic waste, highlight the opportunities for better management, and explore the shared responsibility we all hold in building a more sustainable future.
Fact: Plastic, in and of itself, is not the enemy. It’s lightweight, durable, affordable, and in many industries – from medicine to construction – irreplaceable.
The problem lies not in the material, but in how we manage it. Poor collection systems, a lack of waste separation, and limited access to recycling infrastructure all contribute to plastic leaking into our environment.
Plastic only becomes a problem when it is mismanaged.
Fact: Not all plastic is created equal. While many types of plastic can be recycled, others are more difficult due to contamination, multi-layered composition, or lack of end-market value.
Soft plastics – such as shopping bags and cling film – are especially difficult to recycle and often end up in landfill or incineration. Even where infrastructure exists, recycling rates remain low due to poor separation at source and limited public understanding of what is, and isn’t, recyclable.
According to global estimates, only 9% of plastic ever produced has been recycled, while the rest has been landfilled, incinerated, or escaped into natural environments.
Fact: While paper is often perceived as the eco-friendlier option, it comes with trade-offs. Producing paper bags, for example, requires more water and energy than manufacturing plastic bags. And because paper is less durable, it often needs to be replaced – increasing the material footprint over time.
No material is inherently good or bad. The key is to evaluate each product’s full lifecycle and ensure it is used responsibly, reused when possible, and disposed of correctly.
Globally, over 430 million tonnes of plastic bags are produced every year, with plastic packaging being the most significant contributor to waste volumes.
Plastic bags, in particular, have come under scrutiny – with estimates suggesting that the world uses up to 5 trillion plastic bags per year. Yet only a small fraction of these are recycled, due to the challenges associated with collecting and processing lightweight, flexible materials.
When plastic escapes formal waste systems, it often ends up in water systems, open land, or marine environments – where it can take hundreds of years to break down, often forming microplastics in the process.
Rather than eliminating plastic altogether, the solution lies in redesigning our systems – and rethinking how we produce, use, and recover plastic in a sustainable and economically viable way.
A better future for plastic waste isn’t just in the hands of policymakers or manufacturers. It requires action from businesses, households, and individuals alike. Here’s how we can all contribute:
Recyclable plastic should never be mixed with food waste or non-recyclables. Clean separation is one of the most effective ways to improve recycling outcomes.
Where possible, opt for reusable alternatives. Even small behaviour changes – like using refillable containers or reusable shopping bags – add up.
Not all plastic is recyclable in all systems. Take the time to understand what your local waste management provider accepts – and what needs to go to specialised facilities.
Businesses have a responsibility to manage their plastic waste in line with compliance and environmental standards. Interwaste provides integrated waste solutions that include plastic recovery, energy-from-waste, and recycling streams – tailored to specific operational needs.
The conversation around plastic is not about blame – it’s about building better systems, encouraging informed choices, and driving innovation that makes a difference. When plastic is managed responsibly, it becomes part of the solution, not the problem. But achieving this requires a collective shift: in mindset, in behaviour, and in the way we design and deliver waste solutions.
At Interwaste, we’re not just responding to the challenge – we’re leading the change. Through smart infrastructure, sustainable partnerships, and a clear purpose, we help businesses and communities move from plastic waste to long-term impact.
Because when waste is managed well, we don’t just reduce harm – we protect land, uplift life, and shape a more sustainable tomorrow.